• The contribution of obesity to cardiovascular risk has not been adequately appreciated
because of a failure to recognize the involvement of upper-body predominance of body
weight with hypertension, diabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia even in the absence of
significant overall obesity. This article examines the evidence that upper-body obesity, as
usually induced by caloric excess in the presence of androgens, mediates these problems
by way of hyperinsulinemia. Because of these interrelationships, there is a need to identify …