The survival of CD8⁺/CD44^hi memory phenotype T cells depends on an IL-15 activity on nonlymphoid cells. Here, we report that IL-15 and its receptor were induced on dendritic cells (DCs) by a combination of IFN-γ and NF-κB relA inducers. IL-15 conferred in an autocrine loop resistance to apoptosis that accompanied the maturation process in DCs in vitro. As an apparent result in vivo, mice deficient in IL-15 or its receptor harbor few DCs. Injecting DCs into IL-15^-/- mice was associated with the appearance of CD8⁺/CD44^hi T cells that depended on IL-15 expression but also correlated with the longevity of the DCs. These findings support the hypothesis that DCs mediate the effect of IL-15 on CD8⁺/CD44^hi memory phenotype T cells.